Israel demands ‘information’ from mediators on Bibas family after father’s release

LONDON: More than half of Syria’s population faces food insecurity as the country grapples with the aftermath of 13 years of civil war, the abrupt collapse of Bashar Assad’s regime, and a surge of returnees.

Inadequate funding for aid organizations during this political transition risks deepening and prolonging the crisis.

A recent report by the Food Security Cluster, a UN-led coordination group, revealed that 14.5 million people in Syria are food insecure, including 9.1 million facing acute food insecurity and 5.4 million at risk of hunger.

The report, published on Jan. 25, emphasized that Syria’s sudden power shift and ongoing political transition have increased pressure on its fragile food systems, reshaping humanitarian needs.

Rola Dashti, executive secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, described the current phase in Syria as a “critical juncture,” stressing that the country must either move toward reconstruction and reconciliation or risk falling into deeper chaos.

“The stakes for the country, and for the region, could not be higher,” she said in a January statement.

“Food insecurity is rampant, healthcare systems are crumbling, and entire communities have been uprooted. This is one of the world’s most protracted humanitarian crises, and our findings make clear it could get worse if immediate steps are not taken.”

On Dec. 8, a coalition of opposition groups led by Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham seized control of Syria’s capital Damascus, following a sweeping 12-day offensive that toppled Assad.

And although Assad’s ouster provided some relief to Syrians, it also plunged the country into fresh political and economic uncertainty, with the country deeply fractured and up to 1 million refugees expected to return by June, according to UN figures.

Recent clashes have sparked a new wave of displacement, with some 1.1 million people newly displaced, mainly in Idlib, Aleppo, Homs, and Hama.

The surge in violence since late November has been a major driver of food insecurity, according to the Food Security Cluster’s report. Warehouses and public services have been looted, while damage to agricultural infrastructure has disrupted the planting season.

This lawlessness, especially in northeastern and southern Syria, has created logistical challenges, blocked roads, and restricted aid access, severely disrupting food security.

Some 90 percent of Syrians currently live below the poverty line and some 16.7 million need humanitarian assistance, according to the UN.

Without bold reforms and swift international support, these needs are expected to grow, ESCWA warns.

The Food Security Cluster said $560 million is needed to fund a three-month emergency response providing food assistance and livelihood support during Syria’s political transition and uncertainty.

However, funding for aid remains insufficient. Cindy McCain, director of the World Food Programme, has said that some governments are reluctant to increase support for urgent humanitarian needs in Syria under the country’s new interim rulers.

And although the new leadership in Damascus has pledged a radical overhaul of the struggling economy, including privatization and public sector job cuts, it faces enormous challenges.

Western sanctions and more than a decade of conflict have left Syria’s economy in tatters. The country’s gross domestic product has contracted by 64 percent since the beginning of the war in 2011, according to a recent ESCWA report.

The report, released in late January, noted that Syria’s currency lost nearly two-thirds of its value against the US dollar in 2023 alone, driving consumer inflation to an estimated 40.2 percent in 2024.

Joshua Landis, director of the Center for Middle East Studies at the University of Oklahoma, believes the collapse of the Assad regime is largely tied to the failure of Syria’s economy.

“Government pay for officers in the army was $30 a month, and only $10 for enlisted men, which gives one a sense of the terrible need,” he told Arab News.

“The HTS government has increased those government wages by 400 percent, thanks to the largesse of Qatar, but wages remain extremely low.”

In mid-December, Syria’s interim government announced plans to dramatically increase the salaries of public servants. However, this plan involves laying off a third of the state workforce, Reuters reported.

The first wave of layoffs came just weeks after Assad’s ouster. Ministers in the interim government told Reuters that removing “ghost employees” — those who received salaries for doing little or nothing — was part of a crackdown on waste and corruption.

Landis says the layoffs are likely to worsen the hunger crisis for certain groups.

“Employees of the old regime are quickly being purged, as new employees whose ambitions and loyalties are better aligned with the new government are recruited by HTS,” he said.

“This means that hunger and insecurity is being redistributed to those Syrians who used to be favored by the Assad regime.”

Residents of Damascus and its hinterlands say that while the capital has seen an influx of foreign goods and a drop in prices since Assad’s departure, purchasing power remains low, especially as public servants and many private sector workers have not been paid in two months.

“We have a saying in Syria: a camel costs only one pound, but we don’t have that pound,” Umm Samir, a 55-year-old housekeeper from Al-Hajar Al-Aswad, Rif Dimashq, told Arab News.

“Prices of food have certainly dropped, and there are no shortages,” she said. “But in our area, many have not brought a pound home for almost two months.”

She added: “For example, a bottle of olive oil cost 100,000 Syrian pounds before Dec. 8; now it’s sold for 75,000. A kilogram of sugar was 20,000; now it’s 9,000.”

The drop in prices is partly due to a strengthening of the Syrian pound against the US dollar. On Friday, the dollar traded at 9,900 Syrian pounds, down from about 15,000 Syrian pounds before Dec. 8.

Syria expert Landis noted that while “food prices went down a bit once HTS took Damascus, because Turkish and foreign goods began to move freely into Syria without tariffs, bread prices went up.”

He added: “Bread is a major part of the Syrian diet, particularly for the 50 percent of Syrians facing food insecurity.”

Damascus residents told Arab News that a bundle of subsidized bread, which once cost 500 Syrian pounds, has seen its price jump to 4,000 Syrian pounds following Assad’s fall from power.

When many cannot afford this essential food item, the influx of Turkish and Western goods — much more expensive than local products — makes little difference. If anything, it serves as a stark reminder of the struggle many families face to meet their basic needs.

Yusra, a 33-year-old computer engineer from Muhajreen, an upscale neighborhood in central Damascus, said that although three members of her household of six are breadwinners, they still could not afford many food items, such as meat, fruit, and sweets.

“It doesn’t matter that we now have Snickers bars, Ulker cookies, or brie cheese in local supermarkets when most people can’t afford basic things like sugar or apples,” she told Arab News.

“In my family, whenever we have an occasion, be it a birthday or Eid, we have to cut corners to buy cake or meat.

“My brother works for a private marketing company but has not received his salary for January as the business is struggling.”

But the problem goes beyond families’ inability to meet basic needs. WFP chief McCain called Syria’s hunger crisis a national and regional security issue, particularly during this critical transition period.

“What’s at stake here is not just hunger — and hunger is big enough. But it’s about the future of this country and how it moves forward into this next phase,” she told the Associated Press during her first visit to Syria in mid-January.

On the national level, Syria expert Landis warns that if the interim government led by President Ahmad Al-Sharaa fails to implement economic and political reforms, it will likely face growing opposition.

“Syrians are expecting the new government to jump start the economy, get the US and Western governments to lift sanctions, and to unite the country once again, which will mean that Syria’s oil and gas wells will once again be used by the Damascus government and not the Qamishli government,” he said, referring to the Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.

“It should be remembered that before 2011, oil and gas revenue provided 50 percent of the government budget. If President Al-Sharaa cannot get the economy back on its feet quickly, he is likely to face growing opposition and Syria is likely to remain turbulent and unstable.”

Since early December, protests have erupted across the country, with demands ranging from justice for disappeared activists to calls for improved public services and greater representation for various Syrian sects.

On the regional level, “a poor and hungry Syria will continue to pump out refugees,” Landis said. “All of Syria’s neighbors are counting on Syrian stability and economic growth to entice refugees to return home.”

He added: “If Syria stumbles, the reverberations will be felt throughout the region. The country will remain divided among foreign militaries and a battleground that could easily destabilize its neighbors.”

The UN warns that unless Syria achieves a stable transition, the hunger crisis will worsen, and reliance on aid will persist. The transition must establish inclusive governance, credible transitional justice, and stronger institutions to build public trust, according to ESCWA’s January report.

The report also states that the country’s stability and recovery depend on regional and international support, including sanctions relief and economic cooperation.

Without political and economic reforms in collaboration with regional and international partners, ESCWA believes Syria risks prolonged instability, further fragmentation, and becoming a haven for cross-border crime.
 

BEIRUT: Lebanese army units entered the border town of Aitaroun in southern Lebanon on Saturday for the first time since the withdrawal of Israeli forces from the area.

It remains unclear whether the withdrawal included all of Aitaroun and its surrounding areas.

Israeli forces had advanced into the town during the ground war they launched against Hezbollah on Oct. 1, 2024. Israel refused to adhere to the withdrawal deadline set by the ceasefire agreement, requesting an extension, with US approval, until Feb. 18.

Residents of the town did not accompany the army as they entered, following instances a week ago in other towns when dozens of returnees accompanying Lebanese soldiers were killed or injured by Israeli forces who had hidden behind dirt barriers in the hills and deployed drones that targeted those attempting to reach their homes.

Instead, Aitaroun’s residents followed the instructions of the municipality, which had told them “not to head toward the town before the Lebanese army enters and establishes its presence there.”

A military source said the Lebanese army’s role in the initial phase was limited to carrying out land surveying operations for war ordnance and establishing a presence in the town.

In response to “unofficial calls to gather and head toward the towns,” the municipality said that entering Aitaroun, “where Israelis are still present, poses a grave threat to your lives from a treacherous and criminal enemy. Staying away is for your safety.”

Aitaroun, in the Bint Jbeil district of the Nabatieh Governorate, sits on the border with Israel facing the Israeli settlement of Malikiya and was the scene of fierce confrontations during the war that Hezbollah waged for a year and two months against the Israeli army in support of Gaza.

Elsewhere on Saturday, residents continued to return to towns from which the Israeli army has withdrawn, including Khiam.

Many of them were devastated by the extent of the destruction, much of which is the result of deliberate Israeli demolitions of homes and facilities, with the aim of making border towns uninhabitable for the foreseeable future.

The Lebanese army continued to redeploy in the border area of Yaroun while infiltrating Israeli forces continued to demolish and set houses on fire in Taybeh, Odaisseh, and Rab Al-Thalathine.

Israeli forces also dropped bombs from a combat drone on a bulldozer that was working to recover the bodies of Hezbollah fighters in the center of Taybeh.

Residents returning to their towns were limited to assessing their destroyed properties, burying their dead, and recovering the bodies of others still under the rubble, all of which the Israeli army had previously prevented.

Retired Maj. Gen. Hisham Jaber, head of the Middle East Center for Studies and Research, fears that Israel might not withdraw from Lebanon after Feb. 18, the new deadline following the extension of the original 60-day ceasefire agreement by an additional 22 days, as requested by the Israeli government.

Jaber told Arab News he expects that Israel “will either extend the duration of its presence in certain areas in the central and eastern sectors or remain there by force.”

He added: “The bet on US assistance to pressure Israel into withdrawing according to the agreement is entirely unreliable, as the new administration does not care at all about what is happening in the Middle East as a whole. Its only condition is to avoid war, and it has no problem with hotspots remaining in the region.”

He expressed his concern that if Israel does not completely withdraw from the south by March, “resistance groups might emerge and target its forces on Lebanese territory, which will re-legitimize resistance operations.”

On Saturday, residents of the border town of Kfar Kila were told to gather on Sunday morning to return to their homes, but only if the Lebanese flag is flown. The Israeli army has reportedly not yet evacuated the town.

Lebanese forces intensified their measures in the southern suburbs of Beirut on Saturday in response to calls from Hezbollah supporters to ride motorcycles to the city’s American University Hospital to protest its denial of treatment for one of those injured when thousands of pagers exploded simultaneously in Lebanon in September.

Activists claim that the patient was informed that the hospital’s refusal to admit him was due to “concerns over potential US sanctions.”

The hospital’s administration department denies this, stating that the refusal was due to the Ministry of Health’s “failure to cover the treatment costs of the required treatment to the hospital so far, especially since the war wounded are treated at the expense of the Ministry of Health and the American University Hospital is a private entity, not a government one.”